What Is Peptic Ulcer and Acid Reflux, Causes, Symptoms And Does It Have A Solution?
A Peptic Ulcer is an open sore that develops on the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer), the upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer), or the esophagus. It affects millions of people worldwide and impacts the digestive tract’s protective barrier.
Acid Reflux (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus (the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach).
Both conditions are generally defined by the erosion of the protective mucus lining and/or the improper containment of stomach acid. These alterations can cause pain when you eat, drink, or lie down.
The following bodily parts are the most typically affected by these conditions:
- Esophagus (Acid Reflux)
- Stomach (Gastric Ulcer)
- Duodenum (Duodenal Ulcer)
The digestive tract is cushioned and supported by specialized tissues, which prevent stomach acid from damaging the underlying muscle layers.
The Mucus Barrier is a protective layer of thick, alkaline mucus that plays a vital role in the digestive system.
It helps the stomach protect itself from the highly acidic environment required for digestion, eliminating friction and pain. The Esophageal Sphincter (a ring of muscle) acts as a valve to keep the stomach contents from flowing back up into the esophagus.
The stomach lining is supported by submucosal tissue, and the stomach acid is produced by specialized cells within the stomach walls.
These are broad terms that refer to a wide range of gastrointestinal problems. The most common types are as follows:
- Gastric Ulcer, an open sore located specifically in the stomach lining.
- Duodenal Ulcer, an open sore located in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
- Esophageal Ulcer, an ulcer that forms in the lower esophagus, usually due to severe, chronic acid reflux.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), a chronic, severe form of acid reflux that occurs two or more times a week.
- Functional Dyspepsia, a condition causing chronic indigestion or upper abdominal pain that has no obvious physical cause (often mistaken for mild ulcers).
These conditions are caused by a variety of factors, primarily the imbalance between protective factors and damaging factors (stomach acid and pepsin).
On the one hand, the exact cause of some people’s chronic symptoms remains unknown.
You may develop Ulcer or Acid Reflux if you have any of the following:
- Infection with H. pylori Bacteria: This is the most common cause of peptic ulcers; the bacteria weakens the protective stomach lining.
- Regular use of NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen) can irritate and erode the stomach lining.
- A history of Hiatal Hernia: This allows acid to easily flow back into the esophagus, causing reflux.
- Excessive stomach acid production or weakened sphincter function.
- Lifestyle factors like chronic stress, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking.
These conditions manifest themselves in a variety of ways.
They may be minimal in some people, but they can be severe in others.
It’s conceivable that the pain will be intermittent or persistent.
The following are some of the most common symptoms:
- Burning abdominal or chest pain (often relieved by food or antacids, but returns hours later for ulcers).
- Heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest, often worse after eating or lying down for reflux).
- Bloating or feeling full quickly.
- Nausea or Vomiting.
- Indigestion (Dyspepsia).
- Burping or Regurgitation of sour liquid.
- Weight loss (in severe cases).
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